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European leaders ordered Greece to get the bloc’s highest budget deficit under control and promised “determined” action to staunch the worst crisis in the euro currency’s 11-year history.

The agreement, brokered by German Chancellor Angela Merkel, Greek Prime Minister George Papandreou and European Central Bank President Jean-Claude Trichet, called for closer monitoring of the Greek economy and stopped short of offering concrete steps to help Greece handle a debt load exceeding annual economic output. Greek bonds rose and the euro fell after the deal was announced at a European Union summit today.

“It’s a political message that we wanted to send out,” EU President Herman Van Rompuy told reporters in Brussels. “The Greek government will take the responsibility for cleaning up its public finances.”

The declaration, which Merkel called a “clear political signal” to Greece, left open how the EU would respond to a fresh wave of speculative attacks against Greece or countries such as Spain and Portugal, which are also struggling to cut their budget deficits. The statement echoes prior calls for Greece to get its accounts in order and gave the International Monetary Fund a monitoring role.

Finance ministers are working on measures such as setting up a lending facility for Greece, with each country paying in according to its size, an EU official said. The official, who spoke on condition of anonymity, said it’s premature for a European bond.

‘Breathing Space’

“Markets will only normalize once they outline more detailed measures,” said Andreas Rees, an economist at UniCredit MIB in Munich. “The statement won’t be enough to reassure investors. It’s some breathing space.”

Greek bonds, which have plunged since December on concern the country will be unable to tackle its deficit, extended a three-day rally, with the yield on the two-year government bond falling 35 basis points to 5.11 percent at 7:45 p.m. in Brussels.

Concern about the costs of a hazily worded commitment by Europe’s richer countries pushed the euro down 0.4 percent to $1.3685. Its slide to a nine-month low of $1.3586 on Feb. 5 forced Greece to the top of the EU agenda out of concern that market turmoil might spread.

Called by Van Rompuy to sketch out a 10-year economic strategy, the summit turned into a crisis-management exercise that tests Europe’s ability to run a common currency with 16 separate national fiscal policies.

Rescue Talks

The main event came before the 27-nation EU meeting, when Merkel piloted the Greek rescue talks with Papandreou, Trichet, Van Rompuy, French President Nicolas Sarkozy, Spanish Prime Minister Jose Luis Rodriguez Zapatero and Luxembourg Prime Minister Jean-Claude Juncker, who heads the panel of euro-region finance ministers paydayloan.

Under pressure from political allies at home who are opposed to giveaways to countries that live beyond their means, Merkel pressed for strict conditions on any European financial lifeline for countries that spend too much and save too little.

Demonstrating Germany’s sway in the euro region, the declaration was issued in the EU’s name before other leaders were consulted. Irish Prime Minister Brian Cowen said there was “no detailed discussion” over the Greek backstop.

U.K. Prime Minister Gordon Brown, the main mover behind the EU-wide rescue of banks in October 2008, also wasn’t involved. In London when Merkel’s crisis meeting started, Brown later said Greece is in the hands of countries using the euro.

Greek Deficit

Greece, representing 2.7 percent of the bloc’s $13 trillion economy, posted a budget deficit of 12.7 percent of gross domestic product in 2009, the highest in the euro’s history and more than four times the EU’s 3 percent limit.

Papandreou’s government needs to sell 53 billion euros ($72 billion) of debt this year, the equivalent of about 20 percent of GDP. Greece’s credit rating was cut by Standard & Poor’s, Moody’s Investors Service and Fitch Ratings in December.

Greek plans to cut public-sector wages, trim welfare provisions and raise taxes have provoked street protests that threaten to throw the government’s aim of slicing the deficit by 4 percentage points in 2010.

By living under EU strictures, Greece no longer controls its own economic destiny, Papandreou said. Speaking after the summit, he said: “We have lost a part of our sovereignty because of this loss of credibility. We are determined to regain this lost credibility. We will do anything necessary.”

Resisting IMF

EU leaders resisted putting Greece in the sole hands of the IMF, concerned that recourse to outside assistance would expose Europe’s inability to get its own house in order.

EU treaties bar the ECB or national central banks from bailing out members countries through buying their debt or offering loans, while rules on government-to-government support are more flexible.

Whether from individual countries or the EU as a whole, a financial lifeline for Greece would open a new chapter in the euro experiment by breaking with the orthodoxy that each country has to steer its own economy.

“I don’t think there is any bluff here. This is a very, very serious commitment to back up Greece,” said Jacques Cailloux, chief European economist at Royal Bank of Scotland Plc in London. “This is once in a lifetime moment for monetary union.”

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