World financial news

The addition of 200,000 new jobs in December shows that the economy is strengthening, Labor Secretary Hilda Solis said on Friday.

“We have seen a steady firming up of our economy” in recent months with two million jobs created in the private sector of the past year, she told CNBC television.

“Now we are seeing a better trajectory, we are moving in the right direction.”

“In the last few months, on the whole I have seen good incremental increase in the private sector jobs, so on that side of the factor I would say, ‘Hey, that is not a bad thing at all,” she said free business cards.

But she urged the extension of the payroll tax cut and further measures to support continued improvement in the jobs market.

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U.S. stocks rallied Tuesday, kicking off the new year on a high note, as investors welcomed upbeat reports on economic activity around the world.

The Dow Jones industrial average () jumped 180 points, or 1.5%, to end at 12,397. The S&P 500 () gained 19 points, or 1.5%, to 1,277. The Nasdaq () added 43 points, or 1.7%, to 2,649.

The gains came after reports on manufacturing growth in China and India came in better than expected over the weekend. On Tuesday, a report showed U.S. manufacturing activity grew at a faster rate in December.

U.S. markets were closed Monday for the New Year holiday.

"There were no major negative headlines out of Europe, and we had some data suggesting the global economy is expanding," said Dan Greenhaus, chief global strategist at BTIG.

Investors scooped up shares of companies that would benefit from a strengthening global economy.

Bank stocks, which were among the worst performing sectors last year, led the Dow higher. Bank of America (, Fortune 500), Citigroup (, Fortune 500) and JPMorgan (, Fortune 500) all posted strong gains.

Industrial names Caterpillar (, Fortune 500) and Alcoa (, Fortune 500) were also higher, as were multinationals such as GE (, Fortune 500), Microsoft (, Fortune 500) and 3M (, Fortune 500).

But traders say the market is vulnerable to concerns about the debt crisis in Europe, which has been the main driver of stock prices for several months.

Stocks in 2012: Choppy but higher

"At least for today, there’s no disaster in Europe," said Art Hogan, a managing director at Lazard Capital Markets. "The market remains focused on what’s going on in the eurozone."

Meanwhile, oil prices surged more than 4% on continued anxiety over Iran’s growing threat to shut down the Strait of Hormuz.

U.S. stocks finished little changed Friday, bringing to an end a year in which the S&P dropped just 0.04 point — the smallest annual change in history. The Dow rose 5.5% for the year, while the Nasdaq lost 1.8%.

Economy: The Institute of Supply Management’s survey of manufacturing purchasing managers rose to 53.9 from 52.7. That’s a bit better than the 53.4 forecast of economists surveyed by Briefing.com.

Any reading above 50 signals expansion in the sector.

The Commerce Department said construction spending jumped 1 quick guaranteed personal loans.2% in November, after a revised 0.2% decline in October. Analysts surveyed by Briefing.com expect construction spending to have risen by 0.5%.

Over the weekend, the Chinese government released its official reading on manufacturing activity, showing the sector expanded slightly in December, after contracting the month before. And on Monday, a report compiled by HSBC and Markit showed India’s manufacturing activity picked up significantly during the month.

The manufacturing data "provides further evidence that global industrial production is likely to be stabilizing in the months to come," analysts at Barclays Capital wrote in a note to clients.

The Federal Reserve plans to give even more detailed forecasts about where it expects its key interest rate to be years from now, according to minutes of the Fed’s December meeting released Tuesday.

Companies: Chesapeake Energy (, Fortune 500) shares rose after the Oklahoma City-based energy company announced it completed a venture with an affiliate of French oil company Total () that gives the French firm a 25% stake in more than 600,000 acres in eastern Ohio, an area rich in shale oil.

20 Stocks For January 2012

Mead Johnson Nutrition () shares gained after two U.S. government agencies said they have completed their investigation of Enfamil and found the baby formula safe to use. The Food and Drug Administration and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention had stepped in after a newborn baby died of a rare bacterial infection that they suspected could be linked to the powder-based infant formula.

World markets: European stocks also rose. Britain’s FTSE 100 () added 2%, the DAX () in Germany added 1.5% and France’s CAC 40 () gained 0.4%.

The Hang Seng () in Hong Kong added 2.4%. Markets in Shanghai () and Tokyo () were both closed for an extended New Year holiday.

Currencies and commodities: The dollar fell against the euro, the British pound and the Japanese yen.

Oil for February delivery added $4.20, or 4.2%, to $103.03 a barrel.

Gold futures for February delivery rose $33.70 to end at $1,600.50 an ounce.

Bonds: The price on the benchmark 10-year U.S. Treasury fell, pushing the yield up to 1.96% from 1.87% late Friday.  

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U.K. manufacturing (PMITMUK) shrank less than economists forecast in December as demand increased in Germany and China.

A gauge of factory output based on a survey by Markit Economics and the Chartered Institute of Purchasing and Supply rose to 49.6 from a revised 47.7 in November, the groups said in an e-mailed statement today. The median forecast of 19 economists in a Bloomberg News survey was for a drop to 47.3 from an initially reported 47.6 in November. A level below 50 indicates contraction.

The sovereign debt turmoil in Europe, the U.K.

Nigeria, Africa

Gas prices unexpectedly rose more than 30 percent for the new year in Myanmar and sparked fears of other goods costing more as well.

Motorists learned of the increase at the pump Sunday when prices increased from 2,500 kyat (3.15 dollars) to 3,350 kyat (4.2 dollars) per Imperial gallon (4.5 liters).

The government made no announcement. But with the fuel price hike, and a new 40 percent electricity cost increase announced late last year, people are concerned about inflation of consumer goods, too.

Myanmar’s energy production is not enough to meet domestic demand, and it imports petrol and other fuels. The government subsidizes gas prices and rations it to two Imperial gallons (9 liters) a day.

An unannounced price hike in 2007 sparked anti-government protests that led to the “saffron rebellion.” The military government then in power crushed it, leaving at least 15 dead and thousands arrested.

The nominally civilian government that took power early last year has made political changes that have improved its relationship with citizens.

(This version CORRECTS Corrects conversion of Imperial gallon to liter, from 4.2 to 4.5. This story is part of AP’s general news and financial services.)

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Imagine this: You open your eyes, and find yourself standing in front of a tall, lean fellow. He has a long white beard, and wears a long white robe.

Big Pearly Gates loom up behind him. It’s St. Peter, and he looks ticked off.

He’s sitting at a desk with a big book open to a page with your name on it. It’s time for your final performance appraisal.

Pete is a sourpuss. “Well,” he says, fingering a page. “I see you cheated on your eighth-grade English test. And that was a very nasty thing you did to Mary Murphy’s pigtail.”

“Uh, I was just a kid and …”

“Ahem! That’s enough out of you,” gruffs Pete. “Now moving on to your adulthood. I see you were in church all of twice last year. Couldn’t drag your sorry carcass out of bed, huh? And you were chintzy on the United Way contribution.”

You’re sweating. It’s getting warm.

“Now, let us review your investment portfolio,” says old Pete. “What’s this? Altria? Isn’t that a tobacco stock? And here’s a whiskey stock. And Playboy Enterprises! Great balls of fire!”

St. Peter raises his eyebrows and pins you with a stare.

“Well, just how much money did you make from sin?” asks the saint.

At this point, you’re doing a little dance. The ground under your toes is getting very, very hot.

OK, wake up now.

A dream like that might get you thinking about socially responsible investing. There are about 250 mutual funds that promise to ally you with the angels. They screen out companies engaged in vices, war, pollution and workplace meanness while investing in companies that are green, peaceful, socially sensitive and sweet to employees. If you need some quick salve for your guilty conscience, there you go.

The nice thing is that you can feel all smug and socially superior without losing investment return. There have been lots of studies on socially sensitive fund performance, and they’ve generally concluded that social screens have little effect on investment return over the long haul, says David Kathman, analyst for Morningstar, the investment analysis firm.

Over shorter periods, the screens can both help and hurt. For instance, take the Amana Income fund. It invests according to Islamic principles, which means avoiding banks that charge interest. That helped the fund a lot in 2008, when the banking system nearly collapsed. It hurt in 2009 and 2010 when banks bounced back somewhat.

The Domini Social Equity fund screens for environmental behavior and good treatment of workers overnight pay day loans. During the 1990s, that moved its investments away from dirty industries toward technology companies where workers brought dogs to work and played foosball in the office.

That helped Domini shine in the late 1990s, while the tech bubble was inflating, and pulled down returns when the bubble popped.

“It tends to even out,” says Kathman.

That gets us to another thing about such funds. They vary in what they consider responsible. Some lean toward religious principles, others favor the environment. Some ban alcohol stocks. Others will tipple away. Defense stocks? Nuclear power? OK with one fund, not another.

You can find a handy guide to such funds, with performance returns and social screens, at ussif.org/resources/mfpc.

It’s harder to determine whether social investing does anything to change society. In theory, the movement would switch capital away from disfavored companies and toward favored ones. As the shunned companies’ stock price falls, management would change its behavior. Rewarded companies would get even nicer.

But are there enough bleeding hearts to swing a stock price? The U.S. Social Investment Forum, the movement’s trade group, claims heavy clout: $3.07 trillion out of $25.2 trillion in the U.S. investment marketplace is run in a socially conscious way, the group says.

Of course, its definition is pretty broad. It includes mutual funds that are perfectly happy to own a sin stock or a polluter, as long as they can hector management through shareholder proposals and the like. Investors qualify if they deposit money in banks with good community lending records.

With so many different social agendas, influence gets diluted. In fact, there’s some academic evidence that socially shunned stocks do a little better than others. Socially blessed stocks do a little better, too.

Perhaps the answer lies in observing St. Louis. The movement has been around for a couple of decades now, and you can still buy a pack of Camels. Boeing keeps churning out fighter jets. Ameren keeps burning coal, and we’re still a town that loves beer.

Socially conscious investing may get you points with St. Peter. But the CEOs of the world don’t seem to care much.

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Asian policy makers eager to sustain growth in 2012 may put their economies at risk with interest- rate cuts or fiscal stimulus that some can ill-afford.

The likelihood of

The holiday shopping season turned out to be two seasons: the Black Friday binge and a last-minute surge.

Together, they added up to decent sales gains for retailers. And the doldrums in between showed how shoppers have learned to wait for the discounts they know will come.

“The days that the American consumer gets excited about 25 percent off are over,” said C. Britt Beemer, chairman of America’s Research Group. “Shoppers are keeping their eye on the ball for the big sales events.”

In November, spending rose 4.1 percent. And from Dec. 1 to Dec. 24, it rose 4.7 percent compared with the same period last year, according to research firm ShopperTrak. A 4 percent increase is considered a healthy season.

The higher sales are good news for the economy, because they show shoppers were willing to fund a holiday splurge despite high unemployment and other lingering economic woes. Consumer spending, including major items such as health care, accounts for 70 percent of the economy.

Still, plenty of people are pinched for cash in the slow economic recovery, and they were seeking the best deals, which could squeeze stores’ profits for the fourth quarter, says Hana Ben-Shabat, a partner in the retail practice of A.T. Kearney, a management consulting firm.

Stores have trained even shoppers who are primed to spend to look for a discount.

Heading into the season, stores were nervous that shoppers would be tight-fisted. Many officially opened the season with discounts on TVs and toys that started as early as Thanksgiving Day. Consumers came out in droves, resulting in record spending.

Then the frenzy tapered off. A mild winter and the fact that Christmas fell on a Sunday encouraged people to wait until the last minute and accentuated the peaks and valleys of spending.

Stores started to push more discounts to get shoppers to spend in the finale. In fact, retailers’ promotional e-mails from Sunday, Dec. 18, to Thursday, Dec. 22, spiked 34 percent, compared with the same period a year ago, according to Responsys, which tracks e-mail activity from more than 100 merchants.

According to Beemer’s consumer surveys, 60 percent of shoppers polled were looking for discounts of more than 50 percent to get them to buy. That’s up from last year’s 51 percent of shoppers polled.

Tracey Spears of Locust Grove, Ga., who was shopping Wednesday at Atlanta’s Lenox Square Mall, said she got 75 percent of her holiday shopping done on Black Friday or the day after Thanksgiving. She took advantage of deals, including a Keurig coffee pot from Target and clothes from Hollister on sale.

“I had more money because I got a better bonus this year, but sales are important. You always want to buy stuff cheaper,” she said.

Spears and others helped to create pronounced waves in spending.

“The downs and ups were much more accentuated,” said Michael P. Niemira, chief economist at the International Council of Shopping Centers. “It just shows how cautious the consumer is. Consumers are bargain hunters more today than ever before.”

In the week before Christmas, last-minute shoppers gave retailers a 4.5 percent increase in revenue over the same week last year at stores open at least a year, according to the International Council of Shopping Centers-Goldman Sachs Weekly Chain Store Sales Index. The index estimates sales at 24 major chain stores including Macy’s Inc. and Costco Wholesale Corp.

Revenue at stores open at least a year is an important measure of a retailer’s performance because it excludes stores that open or close during the year.

Total retail revenue for the week that ended Saturday reached $44 billion, 14.8 percent higher than a year earlier, ShopperTrak estimates.

For the week that ended Nov. 26, which included the traditional start of holiday shopping on the day after Thanksgiving, stores had the biggest sales surge from the week before since 1993, according to the ICSC-Goldman Sachs index.

The post-Black Friday lull was deeper than usual. The two weeks after Thanksgiving weekend showed the biggest percentage sales decline since 2000.

Then, during the final two weeks before Christmas, sales surged again, by the highest rate since 2005, Niemira said.

The season “was good but uneven,” he said.

Stores are expected to benefit when shoppers come back to spend gift cards, because people often spend more than the cards’ value. In addition, gift card sales are recorded only when shoppers redeem them.

People have more money on their cards to spend. According to an ICSC-Goldman Sachs survey of shoppers conducted Sunday, 18 percent of holiday spending went toward gift cards, up from 14.6 percent last year.

A total sales figure for the whole season won’t be available until after Dec. 31. And a fuller holiday spending picture will come Jan. 5, when stores including Target Corp. and Macy’s release December sales figures. Government retail sales data will be released in mid-January.

ICSC said it expects holiday sales for November and December to rise in line with its forecast of 3.5 percent. The National Retail Federation expects total retail sales for November and December combined to increase by 3.8 percent, up from its earlier forecast of 2.8 percent issued back in October. That’s still below the 5.2 percent holiday sales increase in 2010 from the previous year.

As proof that consumers are timing their spending to seek the best bargains, Black Friday was the biggest sales day, as expected, generating sales of $11.4 billion, up 6.6 percent from a year ago, according to ShopperTrak.

But the day after Christmas ranked fourth, behind Black Friday, Friday, Dec. 23, and Saturday, Dec. 17, according to final figures from ShopperTrak founder Bill Martin. Christmas Eve was strong too.

ShopperTrak measures foot traffic in 25,000 stores in the U.S. and blends those figures with economic data and proprietary sales figures from merchants. The data exclude sales from auto dealers, gas stations, restaurants and grocery stores.

“Shoppers are willing to spend when they know the biggest discounts are available,” Martin said.

Brooks Brothers, the upscale men’s and women’s clothier that doesn’t discount before Christmas, learned that this year. The Monday after Christmas, when the company offered discounts up to 40 percent, was a record spending day at its stores and its website.

“The first three weeks leading up to holiday were soft,” Lou Amendola, chief merchandising officer, wrote in an email. “But customers really partook in the after-Christmas sales.”

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Best Buy has alerted some customers that it will not be able to fill their online orders, just days before Christmas.

The largest U.S. specialty electronics retailer said late Wednesday that “overwhelming demand for some products from Bestbuy.com has led to a problem redeeming online orders made in November and December.

The Minneapolis company declined Thursday to specify how many orders are affected or which products are out of stock.

The shortages are a black eye for Best Buy, which has beefed up its online campaign to fight off intense competition from online retailers and discount stores. And the holiday season is crucial for retailers like Best Buy because it can make up to 40 percent of annual sales.

Some glitches should not be a surprise with such a massive surge in online shopping this year, analysts said, but there is a risk of a backlash.

“It is a hiccup for the company,” said Morningstar analyst R.J. Hottovy. “They were kind of behind the curve building out their online channel. They’ve done a good job investing in it, but if you make a lot of rapid changes, inevitably there are going to be growing pains.”

The canceled orders probably won’t make a big difference for Best Buy’s holiday sales this year, but it may lead to more customers looking elsewhere in the future, he said.

“The risk is any consumers affected by canceled orders will be willing to explore other alternatives for online shopping in years to come,” Hottovy said.

Online sales are up 15 percent to $32 billion so far this holiday season, while total sales are up just 2.5 percent.

Even though online sales are a huge boon for retailer, the shift has already created some problems. Discount retailer Target Corp’s site crashed in September because of overwhelming demand for Missoni for Target, a limited designer line of clothing, home goods and accessories.

Best Buy benefitted when its now-defunct rival Circuit City went out of business more than a year ago, but its suffering as Americans hold off on big ticket items and search for deals online and at discounters.

In order to compete, Best Buy has expanded its online offerings, cut back on square footage in the U.S. by closing stores and sought to expand internationally. In its most recent third quarter ending Nov. 26, Best Buy said its net income fell 29 percent as it cut prices in popular categories such as tablets and TVs to drive sales and traffic during the holiday season.

Best Buy shares rose 8 cents to $22.96 in midday trading.

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+%3Cp%3E+Consumer+prices+were+flat+in+November+as+Americans+paid+less+for+cars+and+gasoline%2C+a+further+sign+of+a+cooldown+in+inflation+that+could+give+the+Federal+Reserve+more+room+to+help+a+still+weak+economy.%3C%2Fp%3E+%3Cp%3EThe+Labor+Department+said+on+Friday+the+Consumer+Price+Index+was+unchanged+last+month.+Economists+had+expected+an+increase+of+0.1+percent.%3C%2Fp%3E+%3Cp%3EPrices+spiked+earlier+in+the+year%2C+but+the+report+showed+the+trend+has+shifted.+Over+the+past+12+months%2C+prices+have+risen+3.4+percent.+That+marked+a+second+monthly+decline+from+a+three-year+high+in+September.%3C%2Fp%3E+%3Cp%3EThe+report+%22leaves+the+Fed+ample+cover+for+any+additional+monetary+policy+accommodation+they+may+see+warranted+in+the+New+Year%2C%22+said+Ian+Lyngen%2C+a+bond+strategist+at+CRT+Capital+Group+in+Stamford%2C+Connecticut.%3C%2Fp%3E+%3Cp%3EStill%2C+some+of+the+data+could+give+pause+to+policymakers+at+the+central+bank.%3C%2Fp%3E+%3Cp%3EOutside+food+and+energy%2C+prices+climbed+a+faster-than-expected+0.2+percent.+These+so-called+core+prices+rose+2.2+percent+in+the+12+months+through+November%2C+up+from+2.1+percent+in+October.%3C%2Fp%3E+%3Cp%3E%22Core+inflation+…+is+a+bit+more+persistent+than+what+some+people+had+expected%2C%22+said+Jeremy+Lawson%2C+an+economist+at+BNP+Paribas+in+New+York.%3C%2Fp%3E+%3Cp%3EEconomists+polled+by+Reuters+this+week+saw+inflation+slowing+to+2.6+percent+during+the+first+quarter+of+next+year%2C+which+could+help+convince+the+Fed+to+do+more+to+bring+down+the+country%27s+8.6+percent+unemployment+rate.%3C%2Fp%3E+%3Cp%3EPrices+for+U.S.+government+debt+rose+slightly+on+Friday+as+investors+saw+the+data+opening+the+door+a+bit+wider+to+Fed+stimulus.+U.S.+stocks+rose+and+the+dollar+fell+against+the+euro+as+investors+remained+on+edge+over+the+euro+zone%27s+debt+crisis.%3C%2Fp%3E+%3Cp%3EThe+U.S.+recovery+has+picked+up+momentum+over+the+past+few+months%2C+but+the+Fed+on+Tuesday+warned+about+turmoil+in+financial+markets+abroad+and+it+kept+the+option+of+further+monetary+action+on+the+table+%3Ca+href%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fcash-advance-nofax.com%22%3Ecash+advance+to+savings+account%3C%2Fa%3E%3C%21–+.+–%3E.%3C%2Fp%3E+%3Cp%3EFED+EASE+STILL+IN+PLAY%3C%2Fp%3E+%3Cp%3EIn+an+appearance+before+Congress+on+Friday%2C+New+York+Federal+Reserve+Bank+President+William+Dudley+warned+that+a+worsening+of+Europe%27s+sovereign+debt+crisis+could+hit+U.S.+banks%2C+potentially+tightening+credit+for+households+and+businesses.%3C%2Fp%3E+%3Cp%3E%22Europe%27s+problems+are+a+serious+risk+for+the+U.S.+economic+outlook%2C%22+he+said.%3C%2Fp%3E+%3Cp%3EIn+recent+months%2C+cooling+gasoline+prices+have+left+more+money+for+consumers+to+spend+on+other+things%2C+helping+the+economy+gain+some+steam.+In+November+alone%2C+gasoline+prices+fell+2.4+percent.%3C%2Fp%3E+%3Cp%3EThe+effects+of+Japan%27s+earthquake+disaster+in+March%2C+which+disrupted+global+supply+chains+and+pushed+auto+prices+higher+earlier+in+the+year%2C+are+also+subsiding.+Prices+for+new+vehicles+fell+0.3+percent+in+November.%3C%2Fp%3E+%3Cp%3EPrices+for+food+rose+0.1+percent.+Within+the+core+index%2C+prices+for+apparel+jumped+0.6+percent+%2C+but+the+increase+in+the+department%27s+main+gauge+of+homeownership+costs+cooled+to+0.1+percent+from+0.2+percent+in+October.%3C%2Fp%3E+%3Cp%3EMany+economists+have+said+the+Fed+might+try+to+give+the+economy+a+bit+of+help+at+a+meeting+on+January+24-25+by+laying+out+forecasts+for+interest+rates+that+could+underscore+its+willingness+to+keep+borrowing+costs+ultra-low+for+a+prolonged+period.%3C%2Fp%3E+%3Cp%3EThe+U.S.+central+bank+has+held+overnight+interest+rates+near+zero+since+December+2008+and+has+bought+%242.3+trillion+in+government+and+mortgage-related+bonds+in+a+further+attempt+to+stimulate+a+robust+recovery.%3C%2Fp%3E+%3Cp%3EFed+watchers+also+think+the+U.S.+central+bank+could+step+up+bond+buying+later+in+2012.+A+Reuters+poll+on+Tuesday+found+most+Wall+Street+economists+think+the+central+bank+will+undertake+a+new+program+of+buying+mortgage-backed+securities.%3C%2Fp%3E++%3Cp%3E%3Ca+href%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fassets%2Fprint%3Faid%3DUSTRE7BE12S20111216%27+rel%3D%27nofollow%27%3ERead+more%3C%2Fa%3E%3C%2Fp%3E+